The former player: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Warning: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has placed considerable focus on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and PWR club now has in-person education on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the production of the film, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident others will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022